Lishui Zhoulinggen Tunnel UWB Positioning Project
I. Project Background
The Zhoulinggen Tunnel is part of a key provincial project—the Songyang County Shuinan–Fengping section of the Xianju–Qingyuan Highway (Xizhuyu Highway). With a total mainline length of approximately 37.36 kilometers and a total investment exceeding RMB 2.1 billion, this highway represents a core component of the transportation‑infrastructure upgrade in the southwestern mountainous region of Zhejiang Province. The tunnel itself spans 2.3 kilometers and features a two‑way, two‑lane design. Its construction environment is characterized by narrow, confined spaces; overlapping work zones; and high levels of personnel and vehicle traffic. Traditional management practices such as manual headcounts and video‑based inspections suffer from the following shortcomings:
High safety risks: It is difficult to provide timely warnings for incidents such as personnel inadvertently entering blasting zones or illegally accessing unsupported tunnel sections.
Slow emergency response: After an incident occurs, it is difficult to pinpoint personnel locations, and rescue route planning lacks data-driven support.
Low management efficiency: Staff are widely dispersed and highly mobile, with inspection coverage and work-hour tracking reliant on manual processes, resulting in an error rate exceeding 30%.
To address the aforementioned challenges, Feiyuanguangdian, leveraging UWB (ultra-wideband) technology and tailored to the specific needs of tunnel construction, has developed a “High-Precision Personnel Positioning Management System” for the Zhoulinggen Tunnel, thereby advancing the intelligent upgrade of construction safety.
II. Cooperation Objectives
Enhanced Safety Management: Enables centimeter-level positioning of personnel inside tunnels, with 100% early warning for risks such as unauthorized boundary crossings and prolonged periods of inactivity.
Emergency Response Optimization: Within 30 seconds of an incident, the location of trapped individuals is pinpointed, and nearby cameras and emergency public address systems are activated in coordination.
Enhanced Management Efficiency: Automatically generates reports on employee attendance, work-hour tracking, and trajectory analysis, reducing manual inspection costs by 40%.
Compliance Assurance in Practice: Meets the tunnel construction safety monitoring requirements stipulated in the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Work Safety in Highway and Water Transport Projects.
III. Technical Solution
1. System Architecture
Positioning Layer: A UWB Base Station network is deployed inside the tunnel, and personnel wear helmet-mounted locators to establish a centimeter-level positioning network.
Transport Layer: Employs a dual-link architecture—fiber-optic ring network combined with industrial-grade wireless mesh self-organizing network—to ensure full‑area signal coverage.
Platform Layer: Feiyuanguangdian has independently developed the “Tunnel Construction Safety Management Platform,” which integrates GIS mapping, video surveillance, emergency broadcasting, and other systems.
Application Layer: Offers dual-platform support for web and mobile, enabling multi‑role collaboration among project teams, supervisory agencies, and construction crews.
2. Hardware Deployment
UWB Base Station:
Model: FY-UWB-T200 (Explosion-proof)
Deployment strategy: Install Base Stations symmetrically every 150 meters along both sides of the tunnel, with densification to every 50 meters in key areas such as intersections and working faces, for a total of 22 Base Stations.
Technical specifications: IP67 protection rating, 60% improved resistance to metal interference, and support for operation across a wide temperature range of -30°C to +70°C.
Helmet-type locator:
Model: FY-UWB-H10 (Intrinsically Safe for Mining Use)
Features:
Positioning accuracy: 20–40 cm (≤20 cm in open environments, ≤40 cm in complex environments);
Safety Protection: Explosion-proof, waterproof, dustproof, and resistant to drops from a height of 2 meters.
Alarm Function: Integrates SOS one-key emergency alert, stationary‑for‑5‑minutes vibration, and audible‑visual alarms.
Battery Life: Equipped with a built-in 5,000 mAh lithium battery, it supports up to 30 days of continuous operation and features wireless charging.
3. Positioning Technology
TDOA+AOA fusion algorithm:
TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival): By constructing hyperbolic equations based on the time differences of signal arrivals at different Base Stations, high-precision longitudinal positioning in tunnels can be achieved.
AOA (Angle of Arrival): Combines measurements from the antenna array to determine the signal’s angle of incidence, thereby correcting lateral positioning errors.
Multipath‑Resilient Optimization: Leveraging channel state information (CSI) analysis to suppress tunnel‑wall reflection interference, achieving a positioning availability of ≥99.9%.
IV. Core Functional Modules
| Functional module | Function Description | Technical Implementation |
| Real-time location | Real-time display of personnel locations within the tunnel, with support for layered 3D map visualization (e.g., face of excavation, secondary lining section, emergency escape passage, etc.). | Based on the integration of BIM models and UWB positioning data, the update frequency is ≤1 second, and filtering by work crew and trade is supported. |
| Idle Timeout Alert | If a person remains stationary for more than 5 minutes, a Level 3 alarm is automatically triggered (locator vibration → pop-up notification at the monitoring center → SMS alert to the project manager). | By integrating accelerometer data with positioning information, the false alarm rate is ≤0.1%, and a customizable threshold for stationary duration is supported. |
| Electronic fence management and control | Customizable electronic fences for blast zones, unsupported sections, vehicle‑prohibited areas, and more; when a boundary is crossed, they trigger integrated audio‑visual alarms and video tracking. | Supports polygonal and circular fence drawing, with a false alarm rate of ≤0.3%, and automatically triggers the video feeds from two adjacent cameras. |
| Video-Linked Tracking | Clicking on a person’s location automatically retrieves the nearest camera feed and supports synchronized playback of trajectory data with the video timeline. | Compatible with mainstream NVRs from Hikvision, Dahua, and other leading brands, with latency ≤ 300 ms and support for 4‑channel split-screen. |
| Emergency Rescue Command | At the time of an incident, the system automatically plans the shortest rescue route and coordinates access control for emergency shelters, as well as the emergency lighting and ventilation systems. | The path-planning algorithm, integrated with a three-dimensional tunnel model, supports offline operation and reduces rescue response time by 70%. |
| Data Statistical Analysis | Generate reports on employee attendance, work-hour distribution, and the number of violations, with support for exporting to Excel and PDF formats. | Utilizing big data visualization techniques, it generates heat maps, bar charts, and trend analyses, with support for filtering by day, week, or month. |
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